What does substrate mean in porcelain crown?

In the context of porcelain crowns, a substrate refers to the underlying material or structure to which the porcelain is applied. This substrate is typically made of metal, such as gold or a non-precious alloy, or it can be a ceramic material. The substrate provides strength and support for the crown, while the porcelain layer offers aesthetics and a natural appearance, mimicking the look of natural teeth. The combination ensures both durability and a pleasing visual result.