Neutrons diffract when passing through a crystalline solid at 300K due to their wave-like properties, which allow them to interact with the periodic atomic structure of the crystal. As neutrons encounter the regularly spaced lattice planes, they can constructively interfere at specific angles, leading to observable diffraction patterns. This process is governed by Bragg's law, which relates the wavelength of the neutrons to the distance between the lattice planes and the angle of diffraction. The thermal vibrations of atoms at 300K can affect the precise positions of these planes, but the overall diffraction phenomenon remains intact.
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