What happened in turkey in 1923?

In 1923, Turkey emerged as a republic following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire after World War I. The Treaty of Lausanne, signed that year, recognized Turkey's sovereignty and established its borders. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, a key figure in the nationalist movement, became the country's first president and initiated significant reforms aimed at modernizing and secularizing Turkish society. This marked a pivotal shift from a monarchy to a secular, nationalist state.