From Wikipedia: Relative loudnessTeacher. "And what does
ƒƒ mean?"
Pupil (after mature deliberation). "Fump-Fump." Cartoon from Punch magazine October 6, 1920
The two basic dynamic indications in music are:
- p or piano, meaning "soft".
- ƒ or forte, meaning "loud".
More subtle degrees of loudness or softness are indicated by:
- mp, standing for mezzo-piano, meaning "moderately soft".
- mƒ, standing for mezzo-forte, meaning "moderately loud".
Beyond f and p, there are also
- pp, standing for "pianissimo", and meaning "very soft",
- ƒƒ, standing for "fortissimo", and meaning "very loud".
