Who is the economist who is ideas influenced Darwin?

The economist whose ideas influenced Charles Darwin is Thomas Malthus. Malthus is best known for his work on population dynamics, particularly his essay on the principle of population, which posited that populations grow exponentially while resources grow arithmetically. This concept of competition for limited resources helped shape Darwin's theory of natural selection, as Darwin applied Malthus's ideas to explain how species evolve through survival and reproduction in the face of resource scarcity.