What is disadvantages of 1NF?

First Normal Form (1NF) requires that all tables have a primary key and that all attributes contain atomic, indivisible values. However, this can lead to data redundancy, as similar data may need to be repeated across multiple rows, resulting in inefficient storage. Additionally, 1NF does not address issues like functional dependencies or data anomalies, which can complicate data integrity and retrieval in more complex databases. As a result, while 1NF is a foundational step in normalization, it may not adequately support the complexities of relational data management.