Do the large intestine receives much of the food which is dissolved in the small intestine?

No, the large intestine does not receive much of the food dissolved in the small intestine. By the time food reaches the large intestine, most nutrients have already been absorbed in the small intestine. The primary role of the large intestine is to absorb water and electrolytes, and to process waste material for excretion. It mainly handles indigestible food residues and the formation of stool.