How do historians know so much about Sumerians?

Historians know about the Sumerians primarily through archaeological discoveries, such as cuneiform tablets, which contain records of their language, literature, and administrative activities. Excavations of ancient sites like Ur, Uruk, and Lagash have uncovered temples, ziggurats, and artifacts that provide insights into their society, culture, and daily life. Additionally, the study of ancient texts, including mythologies and legal codes, offers valuable information about their beliefs and governance. Together, these sources create a comprehensive picture of Sumerian civilization.