African mythology
- Ala, Igbo goddess of fertility
- Asase Ya, Ashanti earth goddess of fertility
- Denka, Dinka god of the sky, rain and fertility
- Mbaba Mwana Waresa, Zulu goddess of fertility, rainbows, agriculture, rain and beer
Armenian mythology- Anahit, goddess of fertility, birth, beauty and water
- Aramazd, creator-god and source of the earth's fertility
Aztec mythology- Chiconahui, domestic fertility goddess
- Cihuacoatl, goddess of motherhood, fertility and midwives
- Coatlicue, goddess of fertility, life, death and rebirth
- Huixtocihuatl, fertility goddess who presided over salt and salt water
- Mayahuel, goddess of maguey plants, associated with fertility
- Patecatl, god of healing and fertility
- Tepoztecatl, god of pulque, of drunkenness and fertility
- Tlaloc, god of rain, fertility and water
- Tlazolteotl, goddess of purification, steam bath, midwives, filth, and a patroness of adulterers
- Toci, is the "Mother of the Gods", often associated with Tlazolteotl
- Tonacatecuhtli, god of fertility
- Tzitzimimeh, a group of star deities associated with fertility
- Xipe Totec, god of agriculture, vegetation, the east, disease, spring, goldsmiths, silversmiths and the seasons
- Xochipilli, god of art, games, beauty, dance, flowers, maize, fertility, and song
- Xochiquetzal, goddess of fertility, beauty, female sexual power, protection of young mothers, pregnancy, childbirth, and women's crafts
Baltic mythology- Laima, goddess of luck and fate, associated with childbirth, pregnancy marriage, and death
- Saulė, solar goddess of life and fertility, warmth and health
Canaanite mythology- Baal, name of a number of gods with possible associations with fertility
Celtic mythology- Brigid, Irish goddess associated with fertility
- Cernunnos, horned god associated with fertility
- Damara, fertility goddess worshipped in Britain
- Damona, Gaulish fertility goddess
- Epona, goddess of horses and fertility
- Hooded Spirits, a group of deities theorised to be fertility spirits
- Nantosuelta, goddess of nature, the earth, fire, and fertility
- Onuava, goddess of fertility
- Rosmerta, Gallo-Roman goddess of fertility and abundance
Christian mythology- St. Anne, patron saint of pregnancy and mothers
- St. Catherine of Sweden, patron saint of protection against abortion and miscarriage
- St. Gerard Majella, patron saint of childbirth, motherhood, children and mothers (unborn children and expecting mothers in particular)
- St. Margaret the Virgin, patron saint of childbirth and pregnant women
- Phallic saints, a group of saints invoked for fertility
- St. Raymond Nonnatus, patron saint of childbirth, midwives, children, and pregnant women
Min, ancient Egyptian god of fertility and lettuce
Inca mythology- Pachamama, goddess of planting, harvesting and causes earthquakes
- Sara Mama, goddess of grain
- Pacha Kamaq, Creator of the World
- Mama Quilla, the goddess of the moon, the menstrual cycle, and a protector of women
Egyptian mythology- Amun, creator-god, associated with fertility
- Bast, cat goddess sometimes associated with fertility
- Bes, household protector god associated with music, dance, and sexual pleasure
- Hathor, goddess who personified the principles of love, motherhood and joy
- Heget, frog-goddess of fertility
- Heryshaf, god of creation and fertility
- Isis, goddess of motherhood, magic and fertility
- Mesenet, goddess of childbirth
- Min, god of fertility, reproduction, and lettuce
- Osiris, god of the afterlife, the dead, and the underworld agency that granted all life, including sprouting vegetation and the fertile flooding of the Nile River
- Renenutet, goddess of the true name, the harvest and fertile fields
- Sobek, god of the river, warfare and fertility
- Sopdet, goddess of the fertility of the soil
- Tawaret, goddess of fertility and childbirth
- Tefnut, goddess of water and fertility
Etruscan mythology- Fufluns, god of plant life, happiness and health and growth in all things
- Thesan, goddess of the dawn, associated with the generation of life
Finnish mythology- Äkräs, god of fertility
- Rauni, goddess of fertility
Germanic mythology- Nerthus, goddess associated with fertility
- Anyak-Schlikh, goddess of fertility and passionate love
Greek mythology- Adonis, a figure associated with death, rebirth and vegetation
- Aphaea, local goddess associated with fertility and the agricultural cycle
- Aphrodite, goddess of love, beauty and sexuality
- Artemis, goddess of the hunt, wild animals, wilderness, childbirth, virginity, fertility, young girls and health and disease in women
- Cybele, Phrygian Earth Mother goddess who embodies the fertile earth
- Demeter, goddess of agriculture and the fertility of the earth
- Dionysus, god of wine and festivity, associated with fertility
- Eros, god of sexual love, fertility and beauty Priapus, Greek god of fertility, gardens and male genitalia
- Gaia, Earth Mother and goddess of the fertile earth
- Hera, goddess of the air, marriage, women, women's fertility, childbirth, heirs, kings and empires
- Ilithyia, goddess of childbirth and midwifery
- Pan, god of shepherds, flocks, mountain wilds, hunting and rustic music; associated with fertility
- Phanes, primeval deity of procreation and the generation of new life
- Priapus, rustic god of fertility, protection of livestock, fruit plants, gardens and male genitalia
Hawaiian mythology- Haumea, goddess of fertility and childbirth
- Kamapua'a, demi-god of fertility
- Laka, patron of the hula dance and god of fertility
- Lono, god associated with fertility, agriculture, rainfall, and music
Hindu mythology- Aditi, goddess of space, consciousness, the past, the future, and fertility
- Banka-Mundi, goddess of the hunt and fertility
- Bhūmi, goddess of the earth and the fertility form of Lakshmi
- Chandra, lunar god associated with fertility
- Lajja Gauri, goddess associated with abundance and fertility
- Manasa, snake goddess associated with fertility and prosperity
- Parvati, goddess associated with fertility, marital felicity, devotion to the spouse, asceticism, and power
- Sinivali, goddess associated with fecundity and easy birth
Hittite mythology- Shaushka, goddess of fertility, war and healing
Inca mythology- Mama Ocllo, mother goddess, associated with fertility
- Pachamama, fertility goddess who presides over planting and harvesting
Indigenous Australian mythology- Anjea, goddess or spirit of fertility
- Birrahgnooloo, Kamilaroi goddess of fertility
- Dilga, Karadjeri goddess of fertility and growth
- Julunggul, Yolgnu rainbow snake goddess associated with fertility, initiation, rebirth and the weather
- Kunapipi, mother goddess and the patron deity of many heroes
- Ungud, snake god or goddess associated with rainbows and the fertility and erections of the tribe's shaman
- Wollunqua, snake god of rain and fertility
Inuit mythology- Akna, goddess of fertility and childbirth
- Pukkeenegak, goddess of children, pregnancy, childbirth and the making of clothes
Japanese mythology- Kichijōten, goddess of happiness, fertility, and beauty
Maya mythology- Akna, goddess of motherhood and childbirth
- Ixchel, jaguar goddess of midwifery and medicine
Inanna, Sumerian goddess of sexual love, fertility and warfare
Mesopotamian mythology- Ama-arhus, goddess of fertility
- Amasagnul, goddess of fertility
- Emesh, Sumerian god of vegetation, associated with the abundance of the earth
- Enten, Sumerian fertility god
- Gatumdag, goddess of fertility
- Inanna (Ishtar), goddess of sexual love, fertility and warfare
- Nanshe, goddess of social justice, prophecy, fertility and fishing
- Nidaba, goddess of writing, learning, and the harvest
- Ninhursag, mother goddess associated with fertility
- Nin-imma, goddess of fertility and deification of the female sex organs
- Sharra Itu, goddess of fertility
- Shu-pa-e, Sumerian astral and fertility god, personifying the planet Jupiter
- Shulmanu, god of the underworld, fertility and war
- Tammuz, god of food, vegetation and fertility
Native American mythology- Atahensic, Iroquois goddess associated with marriage, childbirth, and feminine endeavors
- Kokopelli, Hopi trickster god associated with fertility, childbirth and agriculture
Norse mythology- Freyja, goddess associated with love, beauty, fertility, gold, seiðr, war, and death
- Freyr, god associated with farming, weather and fertility
- Frigg, goddess associated with prophecy, marriage and childbirth
- Gefjun, goddess of ploughing and possibly fertility
Oceania mythology- Gedi (mythology), Fijian god of fertility, who taught mankind the use of fire
- Makemake, Rapa Nui creator-god, associated with fertility
- Tagroa Siria, Fijian god associated with fertility
Roman mythology- Bona Dea, goddess of fertility, healing, virginity, and women
- Candelifera, goddess of childbirth
- Carmenta, goddess of childbirth and prophecy
- Ceres, goddess of cereal and of motherly relationships equated with the Greek goddess Demeter
- Diana, goddess of the hunt, wilderness, the moon and childbirth, equivalent to the Greek Artemis
- Fascinus, embodiment of the divine phallus
- Fecunditas, goddess of fertility
- Feronia, goddess associated with fertility and abundance
- Flora, goddess of flowers and spring
- Inuus, god of sexual intercourse
- Juno, goddess of marriage and childbirth, equivalent to the Greek goddess Hera
- Liber, god of viniculture, wine and male fertility, equivalent to Greek Dionysus; in archaic Lavinium, a phallic deity
- Libera, goddess of female fertility and the earth
- Lucina, goddess of childbirth
- Mars, god initially associated with fertility and vegetation, but later associated with warfare and the Greek god Ares
- Mutunus Tutunus, phallic marriage deity associated with the Greek god Priapus
- Ops, fertility and earth-goddess Venus, Roman goddess of love, beauty and fertility
- Partula, goddess of childbirth, who determined the duration of each pregnancy
- Picumnus, god of fertility, agriculture, matrimony, infants and children
- Robigus, fertility god who protects crops against disease
- Terra, earth goddess associated with marriage, motherhood, pregnant women, and pregnant animals; equivalent to the Greek Gaia
- Venus, goddess of love, beauty and fertility, equivalent to the Greek goddess Aphrodite
Sami mythology- Beiwe, goddess of fertility and sanity
- Rana Niejta, goddess of spring and fertility
Slavic mythology- Dzydzilelya, Polish goddess of love, marriage, sexuality and fertility
- Jarilo, god of fertility, spring, the harvest and war
- Kostroma, goddess of fertility
- Radegast, West Slavic god of hospitality, fertility, and crops, associated with war and the sun
- Siebog, god of love and marriage
- Svetovid, God of War, fertility and abundance
- Zeme, goddess of the earth, associated with fertility
- Živa, goddess of love and fertility
Turkic mythology- Ajysyt, mother goddess associated with childbirth
- Umay, goddess of fertility and virginity
Vodou- Ayida-Weddo, loa of fertility, rainbows and snakes
- Guédé, family of spirits that embody the powers of death and fertility
