What fumes do ships giveoff?

Ships emit various fumes primarily from their engines, which burn heavy fuel oil. These emissions include sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter, and carbon dioxide (CO2). Additionally, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can be released during the loading and unloading of cargo. The combustion of fuel contributes to air pollution and can have significant environmental impacts, especially in port areas.