Are stingrays oviparous viviparous or ovoviviparous?

Stingrays are primarily ovoviviparous, meaning that they give birth to live young that develop inside eggs retained within the mother's body. In this process, the eggs hatch internally, and the young are born fully formed. Some species may exhibit variations in reproductive strategies, but ovoviviparity is the most common method among stingrays.