What are the portals of entry and exit of yellow fever?

The portals of entry for yellow fever are primarily through the bite of infected mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti and Haemagogus species, which inject the virus into the bloodstream. The virus can also enter through broken skin or mucous membranes. The primary portals of exit are through the blood of infected individuals, as the virus can be present in high concentrations in the bloodstream, which can then be transmitted by mosquitoes feeding on them. Additionally, the virus can be excreted in bodily fluids such as saliva and urine, although these are less significant for transmission.