What has to be out of balance for the driver to feel pounding or shaking through the steering wheel?

Pounding or shaking through the steering wheel often indicates an imbalance in the vehicle's wheels or tires, such as uneven tire wear, improperly balanced tires, or damaged rims. Additionally, issues with suspension components, like worn-out shocks or struts, can exacerbate these vibrations. Misalignment of the wheels can also lead to similar symptoms, affecting the steering's stability and feel. Regular maintenance and checks can help identify and correct these imbalances.