What are the differences between Arabic and English?

Classical Arabic has twenty-eight characters in its alphabet, which is two more than the English. Many phrases cannot be translated due to this seemingly small difference.

Arabic starts from Right side of the page unlike English that starts from the left. Arabic is an ancient language and has vast vacabolary. For any one Word, you'll find tens of different substitute Words.

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Generally speaking, Arabic-based languages all devolve from Proto-Semitic roots. English, fundamentally, has Arayan, Proto-Saxon, Old Germanic, Romance roots. There is a large asterisk, however, since both groups were strong and prolific traders, and happily adapted influences from all their customers, customers' customers, ad infinitum.
The alphabet, letters and way of reading are also quite different from ones English language. Arabic is read and written from right to left unlike the Latin alphabets (English) which are read and written from left to right. And of course the scripts of both languages are very different. English has both capital and lower case letters. Whereas in Arabic the primary distinction in writing the letters are when the letters are connected in script. There are no lower or upper case letters in Arabic. Ahmad