What are the ways in which popular sovereignty is exercised directly and indirectly under the Constitution?

Popular sovereignty is exercised directly through mechanisms like referendums and initiatives, allowing citizens to vote directly on specific issues or laws. Indirectly, it is exercised through representative democracy, where citizens elect officials to make decisions on their behalf, as outlined in the Constitution. Additionally, the Constitution establishes checks and balances that ensure elected representatives remain accountable to the electorate, reinforcing the principle of popular sovereignty.