What is the emergency treatment for tension pneumothorax?

The emergency treatment for tension pneumothorax involves immediate decompression of the pleural space to relieve pressure. This is typically done by performing needle decompression, usually at the second intercostal space in the midclavicular line on the affected side, using a large-bore needle or catheter. Following decompression, definitive treatment often includes the placement of a chest tube to facilitate continuous drainage of air or fluid. Rapid recognition and intervention are critical to prevent respiratory and cardiovascular failure.