What goods and services are not adequately provided by the market?

Goods and services that are not adequately provided by the market often include public goods, such as national defense, public parks, and street lighting, which are non-excludable and non-rivalrous, leading to underinvestment. Additionally, services like basic healthcare and education can suffer from market failures, as they may not be affordable or accessible to everyone, resulting in unequal access. Externalities, such as pollution, also highlight market shortcomings, as the costs are not reflected in prices, leading to overproduction of harmful goods. Lastly, services for marginalized populations, such as affordable housing and social services, are frequently insufficiently addressed by market mechanisms.