What caused an epidemic panics in the 1800s?

Epidemic panics in the 1800s were primarily caused by outbreaks of Infectious Diseases such as cholera, yellow fever, and smallpox. The rapid spread of these diseases, often exacerbated by poor sanitation, overcrowding in urban areas, and lack of medical knowledge, led to widespread fear and anxiety among the population. Additionally, the limited understanding of disease transmission contributed to the panic, as people sought explanations and solutions in a time of uncertainty. Public health responses, while aimed at containment, often fueled further panic and social unrest.