What role do neurotransmitters play in neural communication?

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that facilitate communication between neurons at synapses. When an electrical signal, or action potential, reaches the end of a neuron, neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft, where they bind to receptors on the adjacent neuron. This binding can either stimulate or inhibit the receiving neuron, influencing its likelihood of firing an action potential. Thus, neurotransmitters are essential for transmitting signals throughout the nervous system, affecting everything from muscle contraction to mood regulation.