When did Jacques cousteau make the submarine?

Jacques Cousteau, in collaboration with engineer Émile Gagnan, developed the Aqua-Lung in 1943, which was not a submarine but rather the first open-circuit Scuba system that allowed divers to explore underwater. However, Cousteau also co-invented the underwater vehicle called the "Conshelf," which was part of a series of underwater habitats and research stations, the first of which was established in 1962. His innovations greatly advanced marine exploration and underwater research.