How far does a 16d common nail penetrate a longitudinal piece of wood after it has been driven through a nominal 2 inch piece?

A 16d common nail typically measures 3.5 inches in length. When driven through a nominal 2-inch piece of wood, which is actually about 1.5 inches thick, the nail would penetrate approximately 2 inches into the longitudinal piece of wood beyond the thickness of the first piece. Therefore, the total penetration into the second piece of wood would be around 2 inches.