How does the z3 work?

Z3 is a high-performance theorem prover developed by Microsoft Research that is used for checking the satisfiability of logical formulas. It operates by translating logical expressions into a form that can be efficiently processed, employing techniques from satisfiability modulo theories (SMT). Z3 can handle various theories like integers, real numbers, and arrays, and it uses advanced algorithms, such as DPLL(T) and conflict-driven clause learning, to find solutions or prove unsatisfiability. It is widely used in formal verification, program analysis, and constraint solving applications.