What are the characteristics of adaptive immunity?

Adaptive immunity is characterized by its specificity and memory. It targets specific pathogens through the activation of lymphocytes, particularly T cells and B cells, which recognize unique antigens. Once exposed to a pathogen, adaptive immunity develops a memory response, allowing for a faster and more effective reaction upon subsequent exposures. This system also includes the ability to distinguish between self and non-self, minimizing the risk of autoimmunity.