What is economic specialization and why did it become more common after people began living in civilizations?

Economic specialization refers to the process where individuals or groups focus on specific tasks or roles, becoming experts in those areas to improve efficiency and productivity. It became more common after people began living in civilizations due to the development of agriculture, which allowed for surplus food production. This surplus enabled some individuals to pursue non-farming roles, such as artisans, merchants, and administrators, leading to a more complex division of labor and fostering trade and innovation within the society. As civilizations grew, the increasing complexity of economies further encouraged specialization to meet diverse needs.