During the Philippine Renaissance era, which occurred in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Philippine literature experienced a revival and greater emphasis on national identity and culture. Writers during this period explored themes such as freedom, patriotism, and social issues, and they utilized various literary forms to express their ideas, including poetry, essays, and plays. Some notable Philippine literary figures during this time include Jose Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar, and Graciano Lopez Jaena.
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