The Third Estate in pre-revolutionary France consisted of three main components: the bourgeoisie, the urban workers, and the rural peasants. The bourgeoisie were the educated middle class, including merchants, professionals, and industrialists, who sought greater political power. The urban workers included laborers and artisans facing economic hardships, while the rural peasants made up the majority, often burdened by heavy taxes and feudal obligations. Together, these groups united in their grievances against the privileges of the First (clergy) and Second (nobility) Estates, ultimately leading to the French Revolution.
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