The technique of in vitro fertilization (IVF) is best known for being developed and commercialized by British physiologist Robert Edwards and gynecologist Patrick Steptoe. Their pioneering work led to the birth of the first "test-tube baby," Louise Brown, in 1978, which marked a significant breakthrough in reproductive medicine. Edwards received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2010 for his contributions to IVF, which has since helped millions of couples conceive.
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