How efficiency of linear regulated power supply calculated?

The efficiency of a linear regulated power supply is calculated by dividing the output power by the input power and multiplying by 100 to express it as a percentage. The output power is determined by the product of the output voltage and output current, while the input power is the product of the input voltage and input current. The formula can be expressed as:

[ \text{Efficiency} (%) = \left( \frac{\text{Output Power}}{\text{Input Power}} \right) \times 100 ]

Due to the inherent voltage drop across the regulator, linear power supplies typically have lower efficiency, especially when there is a significant difference between input and output voltages.