How did capitalism play a role in the late 19th century?

In the late 19th century, capitalism drove significant industrial growth and urbanization, leading to the rise of factories and mass production. This economic system facilitated the expansion of markets and encouraged innovation and entrepreneurship, particularly in industries like steel, railroads, and textiles. However, it also resulted in stark economic inequalities, labor exploitation, and poor working conditions, prompting the rise of labor movements and calls for reform. Overall, capitalism was a double-edged sWord, fostering both progress and social challenges during this transformative period.