How scientists came to know that how the digestive system works?

Scientists have gained insights into the digestive system through a combination of observational studies, anatomical dissections, and experimental research. Early anatomists like Hippocrates and Galen described the organs involved, while later advancements in microscopy allowed for the study of cellular structures. Experiments, such as those by Claude Bernard and Ivan Pavlov, revealed the roles of enzymes and hormones in digestion. Modern techniques, including imaging and genetic studies, continue to deepen our understanding of this complex system.