Both Biomes exhibit very similar traits: Barren, little to no life, harsh conditions, and extreme temperatures. Both are considered "deserts", by the definition of receiving very little precipitation.
As far as differences:
A Tundra is much colder. This exhibits the extreme colds on our planet. Life forms that live here are highly adapted to very little food, and to these cold temperatures. Very few plant species exist here. (with some exceptions). In the Antarctic region, many life forms are adapted to hunt in the ocean, this being the primary source of food around.
Deserts are much warmer. They are the extreme hots of the planet, but some deserts drop to very low temperatures at night. Many lifeforms here are adapted to this heat and find shelter during the hot days--there are very few diurnal (active during the day) animals, most are either nocturnal (active at night) or crepuscular (active at dawn and/or dusk). Plants are very rare but more common than tundras. Common examples are cactus. Animals here struggle for water much more than that of tundra animals. Also many creatures in the desert are cold blooded, where as many tundra animals are warm blooded
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