Do alcohol caffeine and nicotine affect the developing embryo?

Yes, alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine can adversely affect a developing embryo. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, which may result in physical, behavioral, and learning problems. High caffeine intake has been associated with an increased risk of miscarriage and low birth weight, while nicotine exposure can lead to complications such as preterm birth and developmental issues. It's essential for pregnant individuals to limit or avoid these substances to promote healthy embryo development.