What Difference Between certificate of analysis and product specification?

A Certificate of Analysis (CoA) is a document issued by a manufacturer or an independent testing laboratory that verifies that a product meets its specified standards and quality criteria, providing detailed results of tests performed. In contrast, product specifications outline the characteristics, features, and requirements that a product must meet, serving as a guideline for production and quality assurance. While the CoA confirms compliance with those specifications, the product specifications serve as the baseline for what is expected from the product.