The youth culture was influenced by African American musicians who had as much if not more impact on popular music during the 1950s and included all of the following EXCEPT?

The youth culture of the 1950s was significantly influenced by African American musicians, particularly in the realms of rock and roll and rhythm and blues. Artists like Chuck Berry, Little Richard, and Fats Domino played pivotal roles in shaping the music scene. However, one notable exception in this context is the influence of mainstream pop musicians, such as Pat Boone, who, while popular, did not embody the same cultural impact or origins as their African American counterparts.