Where does the phrase goose bumps come from?

The phrase "goose bumps" originates from the physical reaction of the skin when tiny muscles at the base of hair follicles contract, causing the hair to stand up. This response is similar to how a goose's feathers fluff up when it is cold or frightened, leading to the term. The phenomenon is often triggered by emotions such as fear, excitement, or cold temperatures. The term has been used since at least the 19th century to describe this involuntary reaction.