Explain each determinant of demand and supply?

Determinants of demand include consumer preferences, income levels, prices of related goods (substitutes and complements), future expectations, and the number of buyers. An increase in consumer income generally raises demand for normal goods, while a decrease raises demand for inferior goods. On the supply side, determinants include production costs, technology, number of sellers, government policies (taxes and subsidies), and future expectations. Changes in these factors can shift the supply curve, impacting the overall market equilibrium.