What two earlier civilizations combined to become the kingdom of Babylon?

The kingdom of Babylon was formed through the combination of the earlier civilizations of Sumer and Akkad. Sumer, known for its city-states like Ur and Uruk, contributed advancements in writing and agriculture, while Akkad, known for its empire under Sargon, brought political unity and military organization. Together, these cultures laid the foundation for Babylon's prominence in ancient Mesopotamia.