How do animal survive in their different habitat?

Alligators, Penguins, Whales, and other water animals have something known as counter shading. This means that the dorsal (top) side of their body is dark and the ventral (bottom) side is light. This acts as camouflage from predators because when looking up from the bottom of the water, the light colored bellies blend in with the sunlight shining in. From the top, their backs blend in with the darkness of the bottom of the body of water.

Giraffes have prehensile tongues, which are also purple. The prehensile part of the tongue is used to wrap around branches and pull off leaves, while the purple acts as a sun screen while their tongue is out. The length of the giraffe's neck is an adaptation which allows them to reach the tops of trees where other animals aren't able to reach, guaranteeing that they always have a source of food.

Zebras have stripes because when a predator (such as a large cat) is chasing them, they all blend together and the predator cannot distinguish between each separate zebra.

I would suggest researching the study of finches as well, because they have many adaptations.