What is phenomenon of EN SO?

El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a climate pattern characterized by periodic fluctuations in sea surface temperatures and atmospheric conditions in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean. It has three phases: El Niño, which involves warmer ocean temperatures and can lead to increased rainfall in some regions; La Niña, marked by cooler temperatures and typically associated with drier conditions; and the neutral phase, where conditions are closer to long-term averages. ENSO significantly influences global weather patterns, affecting agriculture, ecosystems, and economies worldwide.