The map projection above was created using mathematical formulas to calculate distances. It has a small amount of distortion. Which map projection is shown in this image?

Without seeing the image, I can't definitively identify the map projection. However, if the projection is known for having a small amount of distortion and is created using mathematical formulas to maintain distances, it is likely an Azimuthal Equidistant projection. This type of projection preserves distances from a central point, making it useful for applications like airline distance calculations.