How do AM stations transmit farther than FM stations?

AM stations can transmit farther than FM stations primarily due to their longer wavelength and lower frequency, which allows AM signals to travel longer distances, especially at night when atmospheric conditions enhance their reach. Additionally, AM signals can reflect off the ionosphere, enabling them to cover greater areas. In contrast, FM signals, which operate at higher frequencies, tend to be limited to line-of-sight propagation and are more susceptible to obstacles and terrain interference. Thus, while FM offers better sound quality over shorter distances, AM's characteristics allow for broader coverage.