How does a condenser microphone work to capture sound?

A condenser microphone works by using a diaphragm and a backplate to create a capacitor that converts sound waves into electrical signals. When sound waves hit the diaphragm, it vibrates and changes the distance between the diaphragm and the backplate, causing a change in capacitance. This change in capacitance is then converted into an electrical signal that represents the sound being captured.