What are the causes and treatments for black spots on betta fish?

Black spots on betta fish can be caused by various factors such as stress, poor water quality, or a bacterial or fungal infection. To treat black spots on betta fish, it is important to first identify and address the underlying cause. This may involve improving water quality, reducing stressors in the fish's environment, and using medications specifically designed to treat bacterial or fungal infections. Consulting a veterinarian or experienced fish keeper for proper diagnosis and treatment is recommended.