The heart beats continuously due to its intrinsic electrical conduction system, which includes specialized cells known as pacemaker cells located primarily in the sinoatrial (SA) node. These cells generate electrical impulses that trigger heart contractions, initiating a cycle of depolarization and repolarization in the heart muscle. This rhythmic activity is regulated by autonomic nervous system inputs and hormones, allowing the heart to adapt its rate based on the body's needs while maintaining a steady pace. As a result, the heart can pump blood continuously throughout an individual's life.
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