Isotonic solutions have equal solute concentrations compared to the cell's interior, resulting in no net movement of water, thereby maintaining cell shape. Hypotonic solutions have a lower solute concentration than the cell, causing water to enter the cell, which can lead to swelling or even bursting. Conversely, hypertonic solutions have a higher solute concentration, prompting water to exit the cell, potentially causing it to shrivel. These differences in solute concentrations significantly impact cellular behavior and function.
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