What is the definition of static in literature?

It depends on the usage. In terms of electricity, static is an electrical charge (the same electrical charge that gives you a shock when you wear socks on carpet and then touch a metal object). 'Static' can also mean unmoving, or a fixed condition (e.g. a 'static value' is one that does not change, and a 'static tradition' is one that is prevented from changing by the rules of society).