What is the formula for the temperature of the sun?

The temperature of the Sun can be approximated using the Stefan-Boltzmann law, which relates the luminosity (L) of the Sun to its surface temperature (T) through the formula:

[ L = 4\pi R^2 \sigma T^4 ]

Here, ( R ) is the radius of the Sun, and ( \sigma ) is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant. By rearranging this equation, one can estimate the Sun's surface temperature to be around 5,500 degrees Celsius (or about 5,800 Kelvin).