What is rsa encryption and how to solve their numericals?

RSA encryption is a widely used public-key cryptographic system that relies on the mathematical properties of prime numbers. It involves generating two large prime numbers, ( p ) and ( q ), to compute ( n = p \times q ), which is used as the modulus for both the public and private keys. To solve RSA numerical problems, you typically identify the prime factors, compute the public and private keys using the totient function, and then apply these keys to encrypt or decrypt messages using modular exponentiation. Key steps include choosing a public exponent ( e ), calculating the private exponent ( d ), and performing operations modulo ( n ).