What did the Russian Jews do in respones to harassment and pogroms in russia?

In response to harassment and pogroms in Russia, many Russian Jews organized self-defense groups to protect their communities and property. Additionally, they sought to raise awareness of their plight through activism and advocacy, both domestically and internationally. Many also chose to emigrate, seeking refuge in safer countries, particularly in the United States and Palestine, leading to significant Jewish migrations in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These actions collectively aimed to address the violence and secure a more stable and safe environment for Jewish life.