The debate over representation during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 arose from differing views between large and small states regarding legislative power. Large states favored representation based on population, while small states sought equal representation for each state. This disagreement led to the Great Compromise, which established a bicameral Congress: the House of Representatives based on population and the Senate with equal representation for all states. This structure aimed to balance the interests of both large and small states, ultimately facilitating the formation of Congress.
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